First Aid Tips for Sunburn

by Health Safety on October 10, 2008

You should never get sunburned. It is not healthy, and it leads to premature aging, wrinkling of the skin and skin cancer. Sunburn is caused by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. This can be from the sun, sunlamps or even from some workplace light sources (e.g., welding arcs). Sunburn results in red, swollen, painful and sometimes blistered skin. Chills, fever, nausea and vomiting can occur if the sunburn is extensive and severe. Most sunburn is minor, but you should seek medical help if the sunburn is severe, covers more than one-fourth of your body, or involves extensive blistering.

The risk for sunburn is increased if you have the following condition(s):

  • Persons with fair skin, blue eyes and red or blond hair
  • Persons taking some medications including sulfa drugs, tetracyclines, some diuretics and even Benadryl (an over-the-counter antihistamine)
  • Persons exposed to industrial UV light sources
  • Persons exposed to excessive outdoor sunlight

Sunburn can be prevented by using the following measures:

  • Avoid the sun’s rays between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.
  • Use sunblock with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or more when exposed to the sun. The lighter your skin, the higher the SPF number should be. To be effective, sunscreen should be reapplied every hour and after swimming. Makeup is now available with sunscreening protection.
  • Wear muted colors such as tan. Brilliant colors and white reflect the sun onto the face. Clothing is now available with sunscreening protection.
  • Wear a hat when in the sun.
Questions to Ask… YES NO
Are there any signs, even temporary ones of…
Dehydration, Confusion, Very little or no urine output, Sunken eyes, Wrinkled or saggy skin, Extreme dryness in the mouth
Seek emergency care Go to next question
 
Do you have a fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit or higher or have severe pain or blistering with the sunburn? Seek a Doctor Provide Self-Care
 
Self-Care Procedures:

  • Cool the affected area with clean towels, cloths or gauze dipped in cool water or take a cool bath or shower.
  • Take aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen or naproxen sodium to relieve pain and headache and to reduce fever. Note: Do not give aspirin or any medication containing salicylates to anyone 19 years of age or younger, unless directed by a physician, due to its association with Reye’s syndrome, a potentially fatal condition.
  • Apply a thin paste of baking soda and water or calamine lotion to alleviate pain. If blisters form, never break them intentionally. If blisters do break, apply an antibiotic ointment and cover the blisters with a sterile dressing.
  • Use an over-the-counter topical steroid cream such as Cortaid if the pain persists.
  • Rest in a comfortable position, in a cool, quiet room.
  • Drink plenty of water to replace fluid loss.
  • Avoid using local anesthetic creams or sprays (e.g., Benzocaine or Lidocaine) or use sparingly because they cause allergic reactions in some people.
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